The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Programme 2014 - 2020 ESPON 2020

Date of latest update: 2024-05-18

Description

Description (EN):

The following tasks shall be carried out within the framework of this applied research activity: ask 1: Research framework and data collection.The common standard of ESPON applied research activities is the delivery of pan-European comparative analyses. To achieve this, Task 1 should therefore be broken down into two key sub-tasks as follows: (a) Develop, through a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature, a theoretical and conceptual understanding of rural shrinkage. There exists a wealth of significant research literatures on the phenomenon of urban shrinkage and this literature should be thoroughly reviewed to examine the extent to which its theoretical concepts and analytic frameworks can be transferred to the rural sphere 22. This should be complemented by a wider review of apposite academic and policy literature. The ESPON Programme has also previously published several studies of relevance to this topic which should be comprehensively reviewed to build on their results, harness complementarities and avoid overlaps. Examples include: EDORA (European Development Opportunities in Rural Areas); PURR (Potential of Rural Regions); GEOSPECS (Geographic Specificities and Development Potentials in Europe); ECR2 (Economic Crisis and Resilience of Regions) and, PROFECY (Inner Peripheries: National territories facing challenges of access to basic services of general interest). Forthcoming relevant project also include URRUC (Improving Urban-Rural connectivity in Non-Metropolitan Regions).(b) Produce a conceptual and methodological framework for collecting quantitative data to arrive at a set of indicators that will assist in mapping and analysing rural shrinkage at European scale. This will require mobilising a practical and workable set of demographic, economic and environmental indicators to identify geographic trends in rural shrinkage at pan-European scale. A key part of this task is, therefore, the compilation of data and data sources, that the research intends to use to develop indicators and for carrying out the analysis. The analysis of the data and categorisation should result in systematic and generalisable typologies for identifying shrinking rural regions in Europe, in different geographic contexts, and for classifying rural regions ‘at risk’ of shrinkage. Data should be collected at national and regional (NUTS 3) level as much as possible covering the pre- and post- global financial crisis period (post-2001). In addition to established socio-economic data sources with pan-European Eurostat (or other) coverage, the research should also examine the usability and applicability of less-conventional indicators (e.g. quality of life indicators etc.). It is acknowledged that data challenges may be likely to arise in operationalising this research. In this context, it is important to frame data within a robust theoretical and conceptual understanding as specified in Task 1(a). It is also important to develop a proactive approach to troubleshoot challenges in relation to data collection, data harmonisation, missing data and data estimation. To overcome such data gaps, the development of new models, or applying existing models to estimate missing values, should be applied, including building upon existing ESPON studies (as described above). The ESPON M4D project has also explored various approaches to estimate regional data by disaggregation which could be taken as a possible. Prospective service providers should put forward, in their tender offer, a succinct outline of the integrated quantitative and qualitative methods proposed to be used to achieve the objectives of this research, with a focus on innovative and efficient methods, in response to the issues to be addressed in Task 1. Task 2: Case Studies. To bridge data gaps and possible weak comparability, produce a better interpretative understanding of the potential consequences for territorial governance in shrinking rural regions and for better capitalisation of knowledge, the quantitative analysis should be complemented with in-depth analysis from practical case studies. This qualitative analysis should include desktop research of secondary data sources and conducting interviews with key policy actors, stakeholders (including civil society and non-governmental organisations etc.) and academics/researchers at supra-national, national and regional scale to gain a more complete, rich and interpretative understanding of the research phenomenon under investigation.Eight (8) case studies, composing different types of European regions shall be selected with the aim to gather in-depth evidence from the perspective of policy actors and other stakeholders in respect of, inter alia: (i) ongoing trends affecting rural development at global, European and national scale; (ii) territorial dynamics and explanatory factors driving these trends; and (iii) various national/regional/local initiatives launched to address these trends, and their impacts on these trends. Importantly, qualitative interview methods should be fashioned in a novel manner through an ‘Active Interview’ approach for stimulating and provoking discussions and bringing to the fore possible alternative governance paradigms, perspectives and cultures gathered through the conceptual research framework in Task 1(a) as opposed to conventional business-as-usual approaches to rural development. This may, for example, include semi-structured and open interviews and other group interview methods to bring together alternative perspectives.The selection of the case study regions should, in the first instance, be analysis driven and sequentially identified through the data following the identification of the typologies arising from Task 1(b). However, complementary criteria, including geographical coverage of different types of territories (e.g. sparsely populated, cross-border, islands, mountainous etc.) should also be included. Ultimately, the case studies shall be proposed by the service provider following Task 1 and approved by the ESPON EGTC.Prospective service providers may, depending on their proposed methodological approach, put forward in their tender offer a tentative selection of possible case study territories, or types of territories, to be included in the case study analysis through the application of relevant criteria.3 Task 3: Developing policy recommendations. As a main outcome of the research activity, the service provider shall provide recommendations on how newly emerging framework for future EU Rural Development and Cohesion Policy (and programmes), as well as other supra-national scale policies and funding mechanisms (ESI funding, Financial Instruments etc), can be better mobilised, implemented and targeted to address the pervasive, and often irrevocable, socio-economic trends being faced in shrinking rural regions. These recommendations should address both the EU, the Member States and regional/local level and take a cross-sectoral and multi-level governance view with a definitive focus on place-based interventions. Policy recommendations should be arrived through a synthesis of both top-down (i.e. academic and policy literature etc) and bottom-up (i.e. identification of novel good-practice from case studies) perspectives. Emphasis should be given to new adaption-orientated governance paradigms and planning cultures which may depart from business-as-usual growth-orientated strategies to address shrinking trends in rural regions. This should include, for example, analysis of the role of urban-rural relationships and potential roles of polycentric networks and multi-settlement strategic spatial planning of small and medium-sized towns and cities to act as intermediaries between urban and rural environments, including the concept of ‘Smart Villages’ as set out in the EU Action Plan for Smart Villages 25. Similarly, recommendations should address the possible ‘win-win’ opportunities presented by shrinking rural regions in addressing other EU macro-scale policy goals in respect of, for example, ecological, environmental, energy, food supply, natural resource and societal challenges by ‘producing more with less’ and as a key element for smart and green growth in Europe (e.g. Circular Economy Strategy, EU Bioeconomy Strategy, Green Infrastructure Strategy etc.)

Achievements (EN):

Shrinking rural regions face more complex challenges than depopulation. The interaction between demographic trends and social, economic, and institutional dynamics generate diverse and self-perpetuating “syndromes” of decline. The ESPON ESCAPE project referred to these as “complex shrinking”, and developed a simplified, descriptive typology to find order in this phenomenon and facilitate policy targeting. The ESCAPE typology was developed by applying clustering methods to 415 EU NUTS3 rural regions that lost population in 2001-2016. Drawing on economic models of migration and labour-allocation, ESCAPE researchers selected a set of variables embedding the chronological and structural dynamics of “simple shrinking” and the four kinds of shrinking process identified in the project: economic restructuring, locational disadvantage, peripheralization, and events and transitions. After considering goodness-of-fit indexes and mapping different options, five homogenous groups were selected. Although cluster analysis cannot detect causal relationships, this exercise revealed a strong association between demographic change, economic factors, and locational disadvantage. suitable tool for supporting such local policy goals, whilst the CAP played an important role in maintaining the viability of gardening through subsidies provided for the Producer Organisation, a leading unit of co-operation on the part of local gardeners. The three groups characterised by more severe shrinking and weaker economic performance are almost entirely located in Eastern Europe, thus being affected by events and transitions. Differences between them are due to different economic structures (and thus impact of post-socialist restructuring), and different interaction capacities, leading to more or less peripheralization. In the first group (113 regions), restructuring of the large agricultural sector in the absence of competitive industry and services fuels severe outmigration (“active” shrinking). The second group of 52 regions, mostly from East Germany, is instead affected by the industrial restructuring. Despite relatively higher incomes, here better accessibility of wealthier areas fuels outmigration almost as severe as in the first group. The third group (51 regions) presents more balanced economic structures and thus resilience to transition-driven restructuring. More centrality compared to the first group prevents massive outmigration, and shrinking is mostly due to natural decline (“legacy” shrinking). The last two groups are predominantly West European and show moderate shrinking rates driven by natural decline. Here differentiation is mostly due to territorial disadvantage and recent economic restructuring. The first group of 92 regions from the southern and northern EU periphery includes island, mountain, and sparsely populated areas. In the presence of such disadvantages, past growth was driven by the large service and public sectors. These are negatively affected by restructuring, but the regional economy is healthy enough to prevent massive outmigration. The last group of 107 servitised regions, mostly from West Germany, is shrinking due to an old population and low fertility rates not compensated by immigration. The analysis showed that shrinking can result from a range of processes. The impact of post-socialist transition with related restructuring is still very strong but interacts with other dynamics. “Simple shrinking” is not necessarily accompanied by economic decline, but by relative rather than absolute economic weakness, and often locational disadvantages. Where the largest economic sectors present productivity below the national average (i.e., below reachable better-off regions) and are subject to restructuring, the absence of alternative competitive sectors fuels outmigration. This is particularly severe in Eastern Europe, differentiating these regions from their Western counterparts. Place-based policies focus on the local level and thus tend to neglect the macro-scale dynamics underlying rural shrinking. These need to be factored in to address increasing territorial disparities, especially in monocentric post-socialist countries.

Website: https://archive.espon.eu/

Expected Results (EN):

The objective of this research is to undertake a pan-European investigation of demographic and economic development trends and trajectories of shrinking rural regions in Europe. Firstly, through a quantitative data-driven analysis, the research should identify a typology of shrinking rural regions in Europe18. In the available research literature, depopulation is typically used as the prime indicator for shrinking. However, while an exclusive focus on demographics may be useful in crudely identifying trends, depopulation can often be the symptom rather than the cause of shrinkage which results from a complex set of intertwined and interdependent economic, social, and sometimes, environmental/territorial factors. In some rural regions, for example, depopulation is not associated with economic decline, or vice versa. Therefore, to identify a more sophisticated typology and nuanced understanding of shrinking rural regions, the research should seek to develop an instructive set of composite indicators (including endogenous and exogenous factors) to provide a more robust analytical framework to identify and apprehend trends and to holistically conceptualise, explain and map this cross-cutting phenomenon for wider territorial analysis at a pan-European scale. Importantly, indicators should be deployed not only to identify a typology of existing shrinking rural regions but also to capture those rural regions which are potentially ‘at risk’ and likely to become shrinking rural regions in the medium-to-long term. Secondly, through a qualitative analysis, the research should seek to develop a critical understanding of the evolving economic, social and environmental dimensions of shrinking rural regions and their likely future developmental pathways in differing geographical contexts, including the territorial challenges and opportunities they are bringing (and likely to bring) about at EU, national, regional and local scales. This qualitative analysis should be supplemented with in-depth case-studies of identified shrinking rural regions, to explore differing interpretations and perspectives amongst policy actors as to the challenges and opportunities of economic and demographic decline. In particular, the research shall seek to identify potentially innovative governance strategies and place-based policy measures for rural regeneration, with a specific focus on detecting adaption-orientated mitigatory strategies that are being put in place, either explicitly or implicitly, to ‘cope with decline’ i.e. to accept/mediate shrinkage and adapt to its economic, social and environmental consequences and opportunities. For example, such governance strategies could include capitalising on and developing distinctive territorial endowments and initiatives in cultural heritage, social capital and natural resources, possibly integrated with the roll-out of smart innovation and digital solutions, and mobilising the resources of local communities aimed at preserving local identities and wellbeing so as to open up hitherto unconsidered development pathways. In exploring potential governance solutions, the research should specifically examine the potential for enhanced polycentric development patterns to strengthen territorial development and the role of spatial planning policy, including the potential role of multi-level governance and small and medium-sized cities and towns19 for promoting improved rural-urban partnerships, functional urban areas and territorial cooperation in respect of, for example, providing access to services of general interest, borrowed size and shared arrangements for specialised social and physical infrastructures. Importantly, using common analytic frameworks and classifications, the outcomes of this applied research activity should be capable of supporting on-going Horizon 2020 research (‘Rural Renaissance’ Call 2018-2020), such as Rural-Urban Europe (‘Robust’) project20, and the work of DG AGRI and DG Regio on the debate on the future of EU Rural Development Policy. Specifically, the research shall address the following key policy questions: How can the phenomenon of shrinking rural regions be understood and measured? Where are Europe’s shrinking rural regions? What are the specific economic, social and environmental factors that determine rural shrinkage in different territorial contexts, and how are the development trajectories for such regions likely to evolve into the future? What are the critical challenges and potential opportunities for shrinking rural regions? How is shrinkage perceived by local actors and what governance innovations are required to creatively manage and adapt to shrinking development dynamics, and at what scales?Can emerging adaption-orientated territorial governance praxes be identified at national, regional and local levels to manage shrinkage? What role can governance innovation (e.g. through the greater use of advanced digital technologies, shared services etc) play in the more efficient delivery of public services and mobilising endogenous resources to boost employment and quality of life in a shrinking context? What are the implications of rural shrinkage for EU territorial cohesion and convergence at a European scale and how should the future implementation of Rural Development and Cohesion Policy post-2020 be tailored to address the phenomenon?The main outcomes of this applied research activity should be knowledge about the territorial implications of current Europe-wide socio-economic trends and policies, as they effect rural regions, and recommendations for policy at European, national, regional and local scales, as follows: a new conceptual understanding of rural shrinkage to supplement and provide new insights in respect of wider research on processes of centralisation and peripheralisation in Europe.A new typology of shrinking rural regions in Europe, in different geographic contexts, and for classifying rural regions ‘at risk’ of shrinkage based on systematic data analysis and pan-European indicators.Case studies (8) composing different types of European rural regions to gather in-depth evidence from the bottom-up perspective of policy actors and other stakeholders in respect of, inter alia: (i) ongoing trends affecting rural development at global, European and national scale; (ii) endogenous and exogenous territorial dynamics and explanatory factors driving these trends; and (iii) various national/regional/local initiatives launched to address these trends, and their impacts on these trends.Policy recommendations on how demographic and economic trends in shrinking rural regions could be better addressed in newly emerging framework for future EU Rural Development and Cohesion Policy (and programmes), including consideration of innovative adaption-orientated territorial governance. Knowledge on how shrinking rural regions could potentially help in addressing other EU macro-scale policy goals in respect of, for example, ecological, climate change, environmental, energy, food supply, natural resource and other societal challenges (e.g. Circular Economy Strategy, Green Infrastructure Strategy, EU Bioeconomy Strategy etc.) The geographical coverage of the study should encompass all the countries participating in the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. Furthermore, the service provider shall assess the data situation within their field of research for the EU Candidate Countries (i.e. Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey) and potential candidate countries (i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution 1244), and report their findings in the Inception Delivery. Depending on the respective data situation these countries shall then be included in the research, preferably at regional level.

Thematic information

Regional planning and development

Specific Objective: Enhanced European territorial evidence production through applied research and analyses

Thematic Objective:

(11) enhancing institutional capacity of public authorities and stakeholders and efficient public administration through actions to strengthen the institutional capacity and the efficiency of public administrations and public services related to the implementation of the ERDF, and in support of actions under the ESF to strengthen the institutional capacity and the efficiency of public administration.

Investment Priority: (11 ETC) ETC specific for transnational cooperation: enhancing institutional capacity of public authorities and stakeholders and efficient public administration by developing and coordinating macro-regional and sea-basin strategies

Partners (11)

Lead Partner: University of Eastern Finland

Address: P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland

Legal status: public

James Hutton Institute

Name: James Hutton Institute

Address: Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, United Kingdom

Legal status: public

GBER schemes / de minimis:

BABF

Name: BABF

Address: Marxergasse 2, Mezzanin, A-1030 Vienna, Austria

Legal status: private

MTA KRTK

Name: MTA KRTK

Address: Tóth Kálmán u.4 , H-1097 Budapest, Hungary

Legal status: private

University of Valencia

Name: University of Valencia

Address: Av. Blasco Ibanez 13 , 46010 Valencia, Spain

Legal status: public

Nordregio

Name: Nordregio

Address: Box 1658, SE-111 86Stockholm, Sweden

Legal status: public

University of Zagreb

Name: University of Zagreb

Address: Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Legal status: public

University of Thessaly

Name: University of Thessaly

Address: KEDEA Building, Tritis Septemvriou, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece

Legal status: public

University of Cracow

Name: University of Cracow

Address: Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland

Legal status: public

Sofia University

Name: Sofia University

Address: Tzar Osvoboditel blvd 15, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria

Legal status: public

Teagasc

Name: Teagasc

Address: Oak ParkCarlow, Ireland

Legal status: private

Partners map

Partners and Projects info

James Hutton Institute

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

BABF

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

MTA KRTK

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

Nordregio

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

University of Zagreb

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

University of Thessaly

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

University of Cracow

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

Sofia University

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Partners and Projects info

Teagasc

The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Lead partner

Project partner

Summary

Project name (EN): The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Project acronym: ESCAPE

Project start date: 2019-01-28

Project end date: 2020-12-22

Project status: closed

Total budget/expenditure: EUR 597 560.00

Total EU funding (amount): EUR 488 627.20

Co-financing sources:

ERDF: Amount, EUR 488 627.20.

Documents

Documents on this project are listed below, and organised by category. Please note field "Data source", attached to each document. Keep.eu users are free to use these documents as long as they mention the data source and keep.eu.

Videos / films

Marjan van Herwijnen: The future of Europe's Shrinking Rural Regions

Attachment type: link

Type of document: Video / film

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2019-07-02

Languages: en

Petri Kahila: The future of Europe's Shrinking Rural Regions

Attachment type: link

Type of document: Video / film

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-22

Languages: en

Reports

Applied Research - Final Report

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Synthesis Report

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 1 - Policy Background

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 2 - Measuring, Mapping and Classifying Simple and Complex Shrinking

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 3 - ‘Nostalgia is not a policy option’ - Summary of High Level EU Policy Stakeholder Interviews

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 4 - Case Study Synthesis Report

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 5 -Case Study Report Osječko-baranjska County, Croatia

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 6 - Case Study Troyan-Apriltsi-Ougarchin, Bulgaria

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 7 - Case Study Łomża subregion, Poland

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 8 - Case Study Mansfeld-Südharz, Germany

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 9 - Case Study Szentes, Csongrád, Hungary

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 10 - Case Study Alt Maestrat, Castellón, Spain

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 11 - Case Study Kastoria, Western Macedonia, Greece

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 12 - Case Study Juuka, North Karelia, Finland

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 13 - How to achieve a transformation framework for Shrinking Rural Regions

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 14 - Structures and Practices for Governance

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 15 - EU, National and Regional Policy Reporting

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Applied Research - Final Report - Annex 16 - Just Transition and EU Policy: A brief Overview of the Implications of the Green Deal for Rural Regions

Attachment type: file

Type of document: Report

Data source: https://www.espon.eu/escape

Publication date: 2021-02-22

Document date: 2020-12-21

Languages: en

Attachment file: Download

Information regarding the data in keep.eu on the programme financing this project

Financing programme

2014 - 2020 ESPON 2020

Last month that data in keep.eu was retrieved from the Programme's website or received from the Programme

2024-03-04

No. of projects in keep.eu / Total no. of projects (% of projects in keep.eu)

68 / 69 (98.55%)

No. of project partnerships in keep.eu / Total no. of project partnerships (% of project partnerships in keep.eu)

353 / 370 (95.41%)

Notes on the data

Information provided by the Programme. Data from 3 projects ((MRS. ESPON TOOL, SoET and CPS 2.0) was retrieved by Interact from the programme´s website on the 2024-03-01. Regarding partners only data only main partners is available. Achievements were retrieved by Interact from the Programme website (http://www.espon.eu), or a website directly linked from it, on 2021-09-21 and 2023-01-03.

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The Future of Europe’s Shrinking Rural Regions: Trends, Perspectives & New Agendas for Territorial Governance

Description

Thematic information

Partners (11)

Partners map

Summary

Documents

Information regarding the data in keep.eu on the programme financing this project

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